What is a subpanel in residential wiring?

A subpanel in residential wiring is best defined as a secondary distribution panel. It is used to distribute electrical power to specific areas or circuits within a home, acting as a branch from the main panel. This is particularly useful when the electrical load in certain parts of the house exceeds what the main panel can handle efficiently, or when convenience is desired for carrying additional circuits.

Subpanels are installed to localize circuit control and provide easier access for circuit breakers concerning specific appliance loads or areas of the house, such as a garage, basement, or an exterior workshop. This setup enhances electrical system organization and safety by allowing homeowners to manage circuits independently without affecting the entire house's electrical distribution.

In this context, other choices listed do not accurately capture the function of a subpanel. A main distribution panel serves as the primary source for power distribution throughout the home, whereas a decorative panel would not serve any practical electrical function. Finally, the idea that a panel only supports lighting is misleading since subpanels can accommodate a range of circuits, including power for outlets, appliances, and more, beyond just lighting.