What is the main function of a transformer?

The main function of a transformer is to change the voltage level of alternating current (AC) in an electrical circuit. A transformer operates on the principle of electromagnetic induction, allowing it to either step up or step down the voltage while maintaining the power (minus losses). This capability is crucial for efficiently transmitting electrical energy over long distances and for distributing power at usable voltages in residential and commercial settings.

For instance, high transmission voltages reduce energy loss during power distribution, and transformers adjust the voltage to levels suitable for utilization in homes and businesses. Understanding the role of transformers in voltage regulation is essential for anyone working with or studying electrical systems.